External Oblique The biggest and thickest abdominal muscle is this one. As it wraps around the trunk from the bottom eight ribs, it creates the abdominal aponeurosis (fascia), which connects to the linea alba. When the external oblique is contracted in unison, it causes the trunk to flex in one way, whereas unilateral contraction causes the […]
DEFINITION OF THE KINETIC CHAIN The term kinetic chain refers to a specific conceptual framework for understanding the mechanisms by which athletes accomplish the complex tasks required to function in sport. It is a coordinated sequence of activation, mobilization, and stabilization of body segments to generate and regulate force, create movement, and protect tissue from […]
As always, the response is dependent. For many people with Achilles tendinopathy, it can take 3 to 6 months to observe improvement, and full pain relief can occasionally take longer than a year. Some people however see quick recovery within 3 months (Silbernagel et al. 2007). In fact, only 65% of participants in a Silbernagel […]
What scientific data should we consider before deciding whether to treat ACL tears surgically or non-surgically? Through systematic reviews and meta-analyses, where the highest standard of empirical evidence of interventions’ effects is evaluated, physician readers can best respond to a specific topic like this (Travers et al 2019). Recent literature reviews (Smith et al. 2014, […]
According to jeremy lewis theory, the acromion may not impinge tissues as previously thought, making surgery for subacromial pain unnecessary. He also suggests physical therapy and exercise as equally effective treatments for shoulder pain. Although manual therapy might only have a short-term impact and offer no change in functional outcome metrics, he makes the intriguing […]
When an external force exceeds the muscle’s ability to generate an equal or greater force, skeletal muscle injuries occur. For whatever reason, the muscle did not develop the necessary internal force to manage the external load. Injury causes impaired muscle activation due to pain inhibition, as well as decreased muscle activity due to immobilization. Exercise […]
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Low back pain is common in the general population, with rates as high as 84 percent reported. Low back pain is less common in athletes, accounting for only about 6-10% of injuries, trailing the more common ankle, knee, and shoulder injuries. Because low back pain in athletes involves only minor pain and dysfunction, the majority […]
Cervical spondylosis comprises a broad spectrum of progressive degenerative alterations that affect all cervical spine components (i.e., intervertebral discs, facet joints, joints of the Luschka, ligaments flava, and laminae). It is a normal part of the aging process and occurs in the majority of individuals after the fifth decade. This chronic degenerative process in the […]